Science & Technology · Chapter 06

52 solved questions

Chapter 6: Nature and Environment

Every question in this chapter, answered and explained — step-by-step solutions drawn live from the chapter library across 8 question sections.

Very Short Answer Questions12 Short Answer Questions10 Give Reason Questions8 Differentiate Between3 Long Answer Questions6 Diagram-Based Questions3 Application / Conceptual Questions8 Additional SEE Practice2

Very Short Answer Questions

1SEE Boardqb-q0

What is climate?

Ans.Climate is the average weather pattern of a certain geographical area over a long time, typically about 30 years.

2SEE Boardqb-q1

At what rate is Nepal's temperature increasing every year?

Ans.Nepal's temperature is increasing at the rate of about 0.06°C every year.

3SEE Boardqb-q2

Name any two natural causes of climate change.

Ans.Two natural causes of climate change are solar activities and volcanic eruption.

4SEE Boardqb-q3

Name any two human-induced causes of climate change.

Ans.Two human-induced causes of climate change are deforestation and burning of fossil fuels.

5SEE Boardqb-q4

What is the overall rise in the earth's temperature caused by excess greenhouse gases called?

Ans.It is called global warming.

6SEE Boardqb-q5

Which act has been implemented in Nepal for the conservation of rare wild animals and plants?

Ans.The Control of International Trade of Endangered Wild Fauna and Flora Act, 2073 has been implemented for their conservation.

7SEE Boardqb-q6

How many species of mammals are protected in Nepal?

Ans.27 species of mammals are protected in Nepal.

8SEE Boardqb-q7

What is the scientific name of Tulsi (Holy Basil)?

Ans.The scientific name of Tulsi is Ocimum tenuiflorum.

9SEE Boardqb-q8

What is the modified underground stem of turmeric called?

Ans.The modified underground stem of turmeric is called a rhizome.

10SEE Boardqb-q9

Which chemical gives turmeric its yellow colour and medicinal property?

Ans.Curcumin gives turmeric its yellow colour and medicinal property.

11SEE Boardqb-q10

Yarsagumba belongs to which group of organisms?

Ans.Yarsagumba belongs to the fungi group.

12SEE Boardqb-q11

In Ayurveda, Aloe vera (Ghiu kumari) is considered as what?

Ans.In Ayurveda, Aloe vera is considered as 'Sanjivani'.

Short Answer Questions

1SEE Boardqb-q12

What is climate change?

Ans.Climate change is the process of change in the climate of a particular place over a long interval of time due to unstable nature and various human activities. It disturbs the regular weather cycle of a place.

2SEE Boardqb-q13

Write any two effects of climate change.

Ans.Two effects of climate change are: increasing sea level, which destroys the habitats of flora and fauna near coasts, and effects on biodiversity, which increases the risk of extinction of species.

3SEE Boardqb-q14

Why is Nepal at high risk from climate change despite its negligible contribution to greenhouse gas emissions?

Ans.Nepal has fragile mountain ecosystems, glaciers, and communities highly dependent on natural resources, making it very sensitive to even small climate changes, even though its own emissions are negligible compared to developed countries.

4SEE Boardqb-q15

What is meant by ex-situ conservation of wildlife?

Ans.Ex-situ conservation means creating a suitable environment for rare animals and birds outside their natural habitat, such as in aquariums, botanical gardens, and zoos, to help increase their numbers.

5SEE Boardqb-q16

Write any two conservation measures for endangered and rare plants.

Ans.Two conservation measures are: conservation of natural habitat by controlling activities like uncontrolled grazing and forest fires, and increasing production of saplings through modern methods like tissue culture.

6SEE Boardqb-q17

Write any two medicinal uses of Neem.

Ans.Neem juice is useful for skin-related health problems, and it acts as a natural blood purifier, reducing bad cholesterol in the body.

7SEE Boardqb-q18

Write any two properties or uses of Asiatic pennywort (Ghod tapre).

Ans.Ghod tapre has neuroprotective properties that enhance mental capacity and memory power, and it is used to make cosmetics like skin care cream and skin toning products.

8SEE Boardqb-q19

What are the two main causes of climate change?

Ans.The two main causes of climate change are natural causes (such as solar activities, changes in earth's reflectivity, and volcanic eruptions) and human-induced causes (such as production of greenhouse gases, industrialization, deforestation, and burning of fossil fuels).

9SEE Boardqb-q20

Write the reasons for the decline of rare plants and animals.

Ans.Rare plants and animals decline due to adverse effects of climate change on their distribution, uncontrolled use of biological resources, introduction of new species without research, and increasing environmental pollution.

10SEE Boardqb-q21

What measures can be taken to control carbon emission?

Ans.Carbon emission can be controlled by improving energy efficiency, conserving energy resources, and prioritizing alternative energy sources like solar and wind energy in transportation to reduce fossil fuel consumption.

Give Reason Questions

1SEE Boardqb-q22

The main causative factor of non-seasonal rainfall is climate change. Why?

Ans.Climate change disturbs the regular weather cycle of a place, changing the availability and pattern of rainfall. This causes heavy rainfall in seasons other than the rainy season and sometimes drought during the rainy season, making rainfall non-seasonal.

2SEE Boardqb-q23

Sea level rises due to climate change. Why?

Ans.Climate change causes global warming, which increases the volume of seawater due to thermal expansion. Additionally, water formed from the melting of snow and glaciers due to global warming adds to the ocean, both of which contribute to a rise in sea level.

3SEE Boardqb-q24

Climate change also causes the extinction of animals. Why?

Ans.Climate change brings changes in the life processes, growth, development, and physiology of organisms, and affects their adaptation and the distribution pattern of their habitats. This increases the risk of extinction of animal species that cannot adapt quickly enough.

4SEE Boardqb-q25

Endangered animals can be protected by conserving their natural habitat. Why?

Ans.All animals flourish in their own natural habitat, where they find suitable food, shelter, and breeding conditions. Protecting forests, streams, watersheds, and pasture lands ensures these animals have the resources and environment they need to survive and reproduce.

5SEE Boardqb-q26

The use of medicinal plants is beneficial for human health. Why?

Ans.Medicinal plants contain various chemical compounds (like curcumin in turmeric or vasicine in asuro) with antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, or other therapeutic properties that help prevent and treat various physical ailments, making them beneficial for human health.

6SEE Boardqb-q27

Tulsi is called a life-giving plant. Why?

Ans.Tulsi produces a large amount of oxygen and possesses antimicrobial properties that destroy harmful microorganisms; it is also used to treat various ailments like throat pain, cold, and digestive issues. Because it supports both breathing and healing, it is regarded as a life-giving plant.

7SEE Boardqb-q28

Neem is a multipurpose medicinal plant. Why?

Ans.Neem's leaves, root, stem, flower, and fruit are all used for making various Ayurvedic medicines. It is useful for skin problems, acts as a blood purifier, reduces bad cholesterol, and helps minimize high blood pressure — making it multipurpose.

8SEE Boardqb-q29

Yarsagumba is used as an energy-booster herbal medicine. Why?

Ans.Yarsagumba is a rare fungus with properties valued in Ayurveda; when consumed with honey or milk, it is believed to boost energy and vitality in the body, which is why it is used as an energy-booster herbal medicine.

Differentiate Between

1SEE Boardqb-q30

Weather change and Climate change

Weather Change	Climate Change
Short-term, day-to-day change in atmospheric conditions.	Long-term change in average weather pattern over about 30 years.
Can change within hours or days.	Occurs gradually due to natural and human-induced causes.

2SEE Boardqb-q31

Endangered plants and Medicinal plants

Endangered Plants	Medicinal Plants
Plants at risk of extinction due to various causes.	Plants having properties used to treat physical ailments.
Require conservation and legal protection.	Used as raw material for medicine; some may also be endangered (e.g. Yarsagumba).

3SEE Boardqb-q32

Greenhouse effect and Climate change

Greenhouse Effect	Climate Change
Natural process by which greenhouse gases trap heat, keeping the earth warm enough for life.	Long-term change in weather patterns, caused partly by an enhanced greenhouse effect.
Necessary and beneficial in normal amounts.	A harmful global problem when the greenhouse effect is intensified by human activities.

Long Answer Questions

1SEE Boardqb-q33

What is climate change? Write the main reasons for climate change.

Ans.Climate change is the process of change in the climate of a particular place over a long interval of time due to unstable nature and various human activities, disturbing the regular weather cycle.

Main reasons for climate change are classified into two types:

2SEE Boardqb-q34

Describe the effects of climate change.

Ans.Climate change has several major effects:

3SEE Boardqb-q35

What types of animals are called rare animals? What measures can be adopted to protect rare animals?

Ans.Organisms that are about to become extinct, whose numbers have declined significantly due to natural causes and human activities, are called rare (endangered) animals.

Measures to protect rare animals include:

4SEE Boardqb-q36

Many plants are becoming extinct in Nepal due to climate change. What role can you play to protect such plants? Describe in brief.

Ans.As a student, I can play several roles in protecting endangered plants:

5SEE Boardqb-q37

In order to protect and promote the medicinal herbs found in Nepal, it is essential to train local people in the processing and use of herbs. Explain your opinion.

Ans.I agree with this statement. If local people are trained in proper collection, processing, and use of medicinal herbs, several benefits can be achieved:

6SEE Boardqb-q38

By protecting Yarsagumba and increasing its production, the economy of the country can also improve. Explain this statement.

Ans.Yarsagumba is a rare and highly valuable herbal product used in Ayurveda as an energy booster, and it commands a very high price in national and international markets.

If Yarsagumba is protected from over-harvesting and its natural habitat (snow-covered grasslands at high altitude) is conserved, its population can be sustained and even increased over time through controlled and regulated collection. This would allow local communities in high-altitude regions to earn a sustainable income from its collection and legal trade, while research into cultivation methods could further increase supply. Since Yarsagumba is a high-value export product, sustainable management of its production and trade can generate significant revenue, improve rural livelihoods, and contribute meaningfully to the national economy — provided that its collection, use, sale, and export follow the government's regulations rather than illegal exploitation.

Diagram-Based Questions

1SEE Boardqb-q39

Study the concept map on climate change (natural and man-made reasons, and effects) and complete it.

Ans.The concept map should be completed as follows: Reasons for climate change are divided into 'natural' (e.g. solar activities, volcanic eruption, change in earth's reflectivity) and 'man-made' (e.g. deforestation, industrialization, burning of fossil fuels). The 'effect' box should include examples such as drought and floods, rising sea level, effects on biodiversity, and negative impact on human health. The measures box (solar radiation management, emphasize carbon storage, reduce carbon emission) connects back to controlling these effects.

2SEE Boardqb-q40

Analyse the differences between part A and part B by observing the given picture (a healthy green earth vs a dry, damaged, orange-toned earth).

Ans.Part A represents a healthy environment with greenery, favourable climate, and balanced ecosystems, showing the earth in a sustainable, well-conserved state. Part B represents the effects of climate change and environmental degradation — a dry, barren, overheated earth with damaged ecosystems, symbolizing the negative impact of pollution, deforestation, and global warming if climate change is not controlled.

3SEE Boardqb-q41

Look at the picture of a person collecting waste at a landfill site thoroughly and explain its role in climate change.

Ans.The picture shows a landfill site where waste, including plastics and organic matter, is dumped and often burned or left to decompose. Improperly managed waste at landfills releases methane and carbon dioxide, both greenhouse gases, as organic waste decomposes, and burning waste releases additional harmful and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This contributes to climate change by increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases, and it also highlights how unmanaged human activities like waste disposal directly affect global warming.

Application / Conceptual Questions

1SEE Boardqb-q42

Nowadays, sometimes there is low rainfall and sometimes heavy rainfall, which has affected agricultural production. What may be the reason for this?

Ans.The reason is climate change, which disturbs the regular weather cycle and changes rainfall patterns, causing irregular and unpredictable rainfall — sometimes too little (drought) and sometimes too much (floods) — that negatively affects agricultural production.

2SEE Boardqb-q43

Which of the following groups is a group of endangered animals: Swamp deer, Asiatic wild elephant, striped hyena / Asiatic wild elephant, striped hyena, jackal / Antelope, tiger, leopard / Asiatic wild elephant, tiger, bear?

Ans.Swamp deer, Asiatic wild elephant, and striped hyena form a correct group of protected/endangered animals of Nepal, as all three are listed among Nepal's protected mammal species.

3SEE Boardqb-q44

In which group of plants does Tulsi belong?

Ans.Tulsi belongs to the group of medicinal plants, as it has multiple therapeutic properties including antimicrobial action and digestive benefits.

4SEE Boardqb-q45

The union of a type of caterpillar with a specific fungus forms Yarsagumba. In this, what is the relationship between the caterpillar and the fungus?

Ans.The relationship is parasitic. The fungus (Cordyceps) infects the caterpillar, grows using nutrients from the caterpillar's body, and eventually kills it, ultimately using the dead body as a source of nutrition to grow further — this is a parasitic relationship, not symbiotic, predator-prey, or saprotrophic in the usual sense, since the fungus actively derives nutrients from a living then recently-dead host it infected.

5SEE Boardqb-q46

In chickenpox, neem powder paste is applied to affected parts, and neem leaves are spread on the bed. It helps to heal chickenpox. What property in neem helps to do so?

Ans.The anti-microbial property of neem helps in this case, as it destroys or inhibits harmful microorganisms and helps prevent secondary infection of the chickenpox lesions, aiding faster healing.

6SEE Boardqb-q47

Which part of Bojo is used for medicinal purposes?

Ans.The rhizome of Bojo is used for medicinal purposes.

7SEE Boardqb-q48

Rama has been coughing for a long time. Which medicinal plant helps her get relief from cough?

Ans.Boiled Tulsi water helps relieve cough, as Tulsi leaves boiled with water are traditionally consumed for throat pain, cold, and respiratory infections.

8SEE Boardqb-q49

What is the reason for the natural disaster (glacial lake outburst / flooding from a melting glacier) shown in a given picture likely to be?

Ans.The most likely reason is climate change, since rising temperatures cause rapid melting of snow and glaciers, increasing the size of glacial lakes and the risk of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF).

Additional SEE Practice

1SEE Boardqb-q50

Why is the Karnali region significant in terms of medicinal plants of Nepal?

Ans.The Karnali region has the highest number of identified medicinal plant species in Nepal, out of the more than 700 medicinal plant species recognized among the country's 7000+ flowering plants, making it an important region for herbal biodiversity and traditional medicine.

2SEE Boardqb-q51

A community wants to reduce their contribution to climate change while also generating income from their forest. Suggest one measure that achieves both goals.

Ans.Community-based sustainable plantation and conservation of forest resources (agroforestry or managed community forestry) achieves both goals — it stores carbon by keeping trees standing (reducing net greenhouse gas emissions), while also allowing controlled, legal harvesting of non-timber forest products like medicinal herbs, which can generate sustainable income for the community.

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